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Description

M2TMNXLND (or tavgM_2d_lnd_Nx) is a time-averaged 2-dimensional monthly mean data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of land surface diagnostics, such as baseflow flux, runoff, surface soil wetness, root zone soil wetness, water at surface layer, water at root zone layer, and soil temperature at six layers. The collection also includes variance of certain parameters.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).

Version Description

The GEOS-5 model version used for processing MERRA-2

Product Summary

Platforms
MERRA-2
Instruments
NOT APPLICABLE
Projects
MERRA-2
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Spatial Resolution
0.625 Decimal Degrees x 0.5 Decimal Degrees
Location
GLOBAL
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1980-01-01 to Present
Data Partner
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (formerly Goddard DAAC), Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/GESDI
Concept ID
C1276812856-GES_DISC
Data State
ACTIVE
Number of Files/Granules
556
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Longwave Radiation ,
Shortwave Radiation ,
Soil Heat Budget ,
Soil Heat Budget ,
Soil Temperature ,
Soil Temperature ,
Soil Infiltration ,
Soil Infiltration ,
Soil Moisture/Water Content ,
Surface Soil Moisture ,
Root Zone Soil Moisture ,
Soil Moisture/Water Content ,
Evaporation ,
Surface Water ,
Runoff Rate ,
Average Flow ,
Average Flow ,
Precipitation ,
Snow/Ice ,
Snow Depth ,
Snow Melt ,
Snow/Ice Temperature ,
Leaf Area Index (LAI) ,
Leaf Area Index (LAI)

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, & Pawson, S. (2015). MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics V5.12.4 [Data set]. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/8S35XF81C28F Date Accessed: 2026-06-04

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

Filters
Title Year Author Topic
Large Overestimation of Projected Western US Wildfire Burned Forest Area Cheng, Yu, McColl, Kaighin A., Mickley, Loretta J., Feng, Xu Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Skin Temperature
Interpretable Machine Learning for Revealing Main and Interactive Bai, Yang, Chen, Xueyang, Li, Zhengqiang, Zhou, Hao, Li, Ruobin, Han, Yinghui Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Informing Robust Functional Relationship Benchmarks: An Evaluation of the Temperature Sensitivity of Ecosystem Respiration Across the ArcticBoreal Region Poe, Jeralyn, Huntzinger, Deborah, Riley, William J., Wells, Jon M., Schuur, Edward A. G., Schwalm, Christopher, Berner, Logan T., Rodenhizer, Heidi, Bouskill, Nicholas J., Brovkin, Victor, Burke, Eleanor J., Ciais, Philippe, Georgievski, Goran, Gustafson, Adrian, Lawrence, David M., MacDougall, Andrew H., Mekonnen, Zelalem A., Melton, Joe R., Meyer, Gesa, Pongracz, Alexandra, Qiu, Chunjing, Sulman, Benjamin N., Swenson, Sean C., Tao, Jing, Warlind, David, Xi, Yi, Yuan, Fengming, Zhu, Qing, Schadel, Christina Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Publicly available soil moisture datasets: an overview and the UB-SMDC portal Mohseni, Farzane, Haunert, Jan-Henrik Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Total Runoff
Spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of water and carbon use efficiency in the Yellow River basin with harmonized MODIS and GLASS data Zhou, Shilun, Lyu, Ruiting, Wang, Feiyang, Guan, Xiaodan, Nie, Ning Photosynthesis, Primary Production, Vegetation Productivity, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Transfer Learning for TransformerBased Drought Forecasting Across Diverse Precipitation Products in India Pathania, Ashish, Gupta, Vivek Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Wind Speed, Snow Cover, Snow Depth, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Assessment of Quantum ML Applicability for Climate Actions: Comparison of the Variational Quantum Classifier and the Quantum Support Vector Classifier with Classical ML Models Munasinghe, Thilanka, Lai, Phung, Wei, Jennifer, Hendler, James, Cornell, Kimberly A. Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Gross primary production variations dominate the response of Indian terrestrial carbon fluxes to global climatic phenomena Singha Roy, Emili, Philip, Sajeev, Johnson, Matthew S., Baker, David F., Liu, Junjie, Basu, Sourish, Chevallier, Frederic, Jiang, Fei, Li, Xing, Liu, Zhiqiang, Miller, Scot M., Xiao, Jingfeng, Zeng, Ning Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Climatology and Trends of Dust Emission in the Kavir Desert, Iran Alizadeh, Omid, Ahmadi, Ramin, Sauter, Tobias Aerosols, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Dimethyl Sulfide, Black Carbon, Sea Salt, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0), Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Emissions, UV Aerosol Index, Gas/Aerosol Composition, Deposition, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds
Evaluating climate shifts and drought regions in the central Indian river basins Singh, Shekhar, Jain, Vijay, Goyal, Manish Kumar Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Contribution of Moisture Recycling to Water Availability in China An, Qiang, Liu, Liu, Wang, Lixin, Yang, Kun, Cheng, Yongming, Liu, Jing, Huang, Guanhua Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Land Cover Changes Redistribute China's Water Resources Through An, Qiang, Liu, Liu, Staal, Arie, Yang, Kun, Cheng, Yongming, Liu, Jing, Huang, Guanhua Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Streamflow estimation in the Indus River Basin using a water balance framework and artificial neural networks with satellite- and model-derived global hydro-climatic data sources Sattar, Hira, Kinouchi, Tsuyoshi Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Warming-independent shortened snow cover duration enhances vegetation greening across northern permafrost region Chen, Ning, Wang, Xianwei, Yuan, Fenghui, Song, Yanyu, Sun, Li, Zuo, Yunjiang, Wang, Nannan, Yu, Dapao, Zhou, Li, Xu, Xiaofeng, Song, Changchun, Wang, Qingwei Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Connecting Global Modes of Variability to Climate in High Mountain Asia Massoud, Elias C., Lim, Young-Kwon, Andrews, Lauren C., Girotto, Manuela Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Exploring evapotranspiration stress in China: A blending approach employing multi-source remote sensing proxies Liu, Yuan, Zhao, Yong, Zhai, Jiaqi, Liang, Hui, Zhu, Yongnan, Wang, Yong, Wang, Qianyang, Li, Xing, Yu, Jingshan Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Water storage changes (20032020) in the Ordos Basin, China, explained by GRACE data and interpretable deep learning Hu, Ziming, Tang, Shinan, Mo, Shaoxing, Shi, Xiaoqing, Yin, Xin, Sun, Yuanyuan, Liu, Xiaomin, Duan, Limin, Miao, Ping, Liu, Tingxi, Wu, Jichun Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Aeolus lidar surface return (LSR) at 355 nm as a new Aeolus Level-2A product Labzovskii, Lev D., van Zadelhoff, Gerd-Jan, Donovan, David P., de Kloe, Jos, Tilstra, L. Gijsbert, Stoffelen, Ad, Josset, Damien, Stammes, Piet Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Albedo, Snow Depth, Snow Depth, Glacier Runoff, Glacier Runoff, Snow Cover
Causal inference of root zone soil moisture performance in drought Xue, Shouye, Wu, Guocan Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Total Runoff
Developing a Multivariate Agro-Meteorological Index to Improve Capturing Zeraati, Masoud, Farahmand, Alireza, Asghari, Keyvan, Behrangi, Ali Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Surface Pressure, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Geopotential Height
The composite drought index incorporated solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence enhances the monitoring capability of short-term drought Ren, Hangxing, Du, Lin, Peng, Chuanjing, Yang, Jian, Gao, Wei Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Pressure Thickness, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Cloud Fraction, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature
Impacts of climate change on global total and urban runoff Gray, Laura C., Zhao, Lei, Stillwell, Ashlynn S. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Ensemble precipitation estimates based on an assessment of 21 gridded precipitation datasets to improve precipitation estimations across Madagascar Ollivier, Camille C., Carriere, Simon D., Heath, Thomas, Olioso, Albert, Rabefitia, Zo, Rakoto, Heritiana, Oudin, Ludovic, Satge, Frederic Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Total Surface Precipitation Rate, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Rain, Precipitation Amount, Snow
Spatiotemporal variability and controlling factors of ecosystem water use efficiency in India Bejagam, Vijaykumar, Singh, Akriti, Sharma, Ashutosh Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Absorption, Radiative Forcing, Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Seasonal forecasting skill for the high mountain Asia region in the Goddard Earth Observing System Massoud, Elias C., Andrews, Lauren, Reichle, Rolf, Molod, Andrea, Park, Jongmin, Ruehr, Sophie, Girotto, Manuela Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Albedo, Snow Depth, Snow Water Equivalent, Terrestrial Water Storage
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Variables

The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.

For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor Offset
BASEFLOW BASEFLOW kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
ECHANGE ECHANGE W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
EVLAND EVLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
EVPINTR EVPINTR W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
EVPSBLN EVPSBLN W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
EVPSOIL EVPSOIL W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
EVPTRNS EVPTRNS W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
FRSAT FRSAT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
FRSNO FRSNO 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
FRUNST FRUNST 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
FRWLT FRWLT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
GHLAND GHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
GRN GRN 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
GWETPROF GWETPROF 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
GWETROOT GWETROOT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
GWETTOP GWETTOP 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
LAI LAI 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
lat lat degrees_north float64 N/A N/A N/A N/A
LHLAND LHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
lon lon degrees_east float64 N/A N/A N/A N/A
LWLAND LWLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
PARDFLAND PARDFLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
PARDRLAND PARDRLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
PRECSNOLAND PRECSNOLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
PRECTOTLAND PRECTOTLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
PRMC PRMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
QINFIL QINFIL kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
RUNOFF RUNOFF kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
RZMC RZMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SFMC SFMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SHLAND SHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SMLAND SMLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SNODP SNODP m float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SNOMAS SNOMAS kg m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SPLAND SPLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SPSNOW SPSNOW W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SPWATR SPWATR kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
SWLAND SWLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TELAND TELAND J m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
time time minutes since 2025-11-01 00:30:00 int32 N/A N/A N/A N/A
TPSNOW TPSNOW K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSAT TSAT K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL1 TSOIL1 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL2 TSOIL2 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL3 TSOIL3 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL4 TSOIL4 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL5 TSOIL5 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSOIL6 TSOIL6 K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TSURF TSURF K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
TUNST TUNST K float32 999999986991104 N/A N/A N/A
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