N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180
Description
M2I6NPANA (or inst6_3d_ana_Np) is an instantaneous 3-dimensional 6-hourly data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of analyzed meteorological fields at 42 pressure levels, such as temperature, wind components, specific humidity, ozone mixing ratio, and geopotential height. The data field is available every six hour starting from 00:00 UTC, e.g.: 00:00, 06:00, … , 18:00 UTC. The information on the pressure levels can be found in the section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document.
MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.
Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.
MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.
Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).
Product Summary
Citation
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
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READ-ME
PI DOCUMENTATION
GENERAL DOCUMENTATION
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Publications Citing This Dataset
| Title | Year Sort ascending | Author | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model sensitivity across scales: a case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet | Hawbecker, Patrick, Lassman, William, Juliano, Timothy W., Kosovic, Branko, Haupt, Sue Ellen | Sea Surface Temperature, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Sea Surface Topography, Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Water Vapor Tendency, Water Vapor Flux, Cloud Dynamics, Cloud Microphysics, Ice Fraction, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature | |
| Changes in Wind Extremes Shaped the Summertime Weakening of the Eurasian | Li, Yongtong, Zhou, Tianjun, Jiang, Jie, Zhang, Wenxia, Guo, Zhun | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Gender Difference in the Effects of Air Pollution on Labor Supply: Evidence from the United States | Bhattacharjee, Protika, Saha, Bikramjit | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Using the moist static energy variance budget to evaluate tropical cyclones in climate models against reanalyses and satellite observations | Starr, Jarrett C., Wing, Allison A., Camargo, Suzana J., Kim, Daehyun, Lee, Tsung-Yung, Moon, Jihong | Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Tropical Cyclone-Radiation Interaction in NASA Reanalysis and Model Products as Compared to CloudSat Observations | Lee, Tsung-Yung, Wing, Allison A. | Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Temperature Tendency, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Relative Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Atmospheric Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds | |
| A Map of Dominant Cloud-Controlling Factors for Cloud Fraction and Total | Naud, Catherine M., Elsaesser, Gregory S., Booth, James F. | Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles, Clouds, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Aerosol Backscatter, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Aerosol Radiance, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Nitrate Particles, Organic Particles, Particulate Matter, Sulfate Particles, Trace Gases/Trace Species, Atmospheric Emitted Radiation, Emissivity, Optical Depth/Thickness, Radiative Flux, Reflectance, Transmittance, Atmospheric Stability, Humidity, Water Vapor Profiles, Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Cloud Droplet Concentration/Size, Cloud Asymmetry, Cloud Ceiling, Cloud Frequency, Cloud Height, Cloud Vertical Distribution, Cloud Emissivity, Cloud Radiative Forcing, Cloud Reflectance, Rain Storms, Sea Surface Temperature Indices, Heat Flux | |
| A worldwide climatology of extreme air masses | Ryan, James M., Kravitz, Ben, OBrien, Travis A., Robeson, Scott M., Staten, Paul W. | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Air pollution, labor productivity, and individual consumption | Chen, Shuai, Wang, Min, Zhang, Dandan | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Atmospheric Semidiurnal Solar Tide Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the JAGUARDAS Whole Neutral Atmosphere Reanalysis (JAWARA) During 20042023 | Yamazaki, Y., Sato, K., Koshin, D., Yasui, R. | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Clean air eases your anger: evidence from China's public complaints on air and noise pollution | Xia, Fan, Sun, Xinmeng, Zhang, Bing | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Cloud radiative effects significantly increase wintertime atmospheric blocking in the Euro-Atlantic sector | Lubis, Sandro W., Harrop, Bryce E., Lu, Jian, Leung, L. Ruby, Chen, Ziming, Huang, Clare S. Y., Omrani, Nour-Eddine | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Temperature Tendency | |
| Linking Long-Term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere | Kumar, Sunil, Oberheide, Jens, Zhang, Jiarong, Pedatella, Nicholas M., Lu, Xian | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Impact of smoke aerosol loading on lightning characteristics of pyrocumulonimbus compared with other highbased thunderstorms | Dworak, Elena, Peterson, David A., Saide, Pablo E., Thapa, Laura, Bortnik, Jacob | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Atmospheric Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds | |
| Influence of Tibetan Plateau sensible heat on pre-monsoon dust burdens over South Asia: Observational and modeling evidence | Shang, Ke, Xie, Xiaoning, Guo, Jianing, Sha, Yingying, Wang, Anqi, Liu, Yangang | Aerosols, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Dimethyl Sulfide, Black Carbon, Sea Salt, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0), Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Impact of Weak and Strong Stratospheric Polar Vortices in the Northern | Kumar, Akash, Stolle, Claudia, Yamazaki, Yosuke, Pedatella, Nicholas M., Kunze, Markus, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Siddiqui, Tarique A., Sunil Krishna, M. V. | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Effects of Jet Break on Summer Precipitation in Central Asia | Gu, Mingzhen, Luo, Jiali, Jiang, Nanxuan, Wang, Lei, Wang, Zhiting, Luo, Fuhai, Zhang, Chongyang, Xia, Xufan, Zhang, Jiankai | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Constraining Atmospheric Heat Transport from Earth Energy Budget Observations | Prince, Hamish D., Donohoe, Aaron, LEcuyer, Tristan S. | Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Sea Surface Temperature Indices, Heat Flux | |
| Gravity Wave Activity During the 2024 Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Observed by Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) | Zhang, Jiarong, Zhao, Yucheng, Pautet, PierreDominique, Scherliess, Ludger, Taylor, Michael J., Liu, Hanli | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Pollution and innovation: Evidence from manufacturing firms in China | Cui, Hongxia, Pu, Long | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Aerosols, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Dimethyl Sulfide, Black Carbon, Sea Salt, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0) | |
| Siberian wildfire smoke observations from space-based multi-angle | Junghenn Noyes, Katherine T., Kahn, Ralph A. | Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Aerosols, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Dimethyl Sulfide, Black Carbon, Sea Salt, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Fire Occurrence, Surface Thermal Properties, Land Surface Temperature, THERMAL ANOMALIES | |
| Temperature sensitivity and stock crash risk: evidence from China | Hu, Yanglin, Zhang, Bo, Li, Shenru, Gu, Chen, Gu, Zhenhua | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles | |
| Spatiotemporal trends of compound extremes and their impacts in Southeast Asia from 1983 to 2022 | Jian, Wei, Lestari, Diah Valentina, Lo, Edmond Yatman | Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles | |
| Worldwide inventory reveals the frequency and variability of pyrocumulonimbus and stratospheric smoke plumes during 20132023 | Peterson, David A., Berman, Melinda T., Fromm, Michael D., Servranckx, Rene, Julstrom, William J., Hyer, Edward J., Campbell, James R., McHardy, Theodore M., Lambert, Andrew | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Atmospheric Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds | |
| A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves | Hosseinpour, Farnaz, Wilcox, Eric M. | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Aerosol Backscatter, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Aerosol Radiance, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Nitrate Particles, Organic Particles, Particulate Matter, Sulfate Particles, Trace Gases/Trace Species, Atmospheric Emitted Radiation, Emissivity, Optical Depth/Thickness, Reflectance, Transmittance, Atmospheric Stability, Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Water Vapor Profiles, Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Cloud Droplet Concentration/Size, Cloud Asymmetry, Cloud Ceiling, Cloud Frequency, Cloud Height, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Vertical Distribution, Cloud Emissivity, Cloud Radiative Forcing, Cloud Reflectance, Rain Storms | |
| Anthropogenic Aerosols Have Significantly Weakened the Regional Summertime Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere During the Satellite Era | Kang, Joonsuk M., Shaw, Tiffany A., Sun, Lantao | Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles |
Variables
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
| Name Sort descending | Description | Units | Data Type | Fill Value | Valid Range | Scale Factor | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | H | m | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| lat | lat | degrees_north | float64 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| lev | lev | hPa | float64 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| lon | lon | degrees_east | float64 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| O3 | O3 | kg/kg | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| PS | PS | Pa | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| QV | QV | kg/kg | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| SLP | SLP | Pa | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| T | T | K | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| time | time | minutes since 2024-06-01 00:00:00 | int32 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| U | U | m/s | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |
| V | V | m/s | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | 1 | 0 |