N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180
Description
The MOD11_L2 Version 6.1 swath product provides per-pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) with a pixel size of 1,000 meters (m). The product is produced daily in 5-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition using the generalized split-window algorithm. MOD11_L2 is a Level 2 product which provides the input for the Level 3 products. Provided in each MOD11_L2 file are LST, quality control assessment, error estimates, bands 31 and 32 emissivities, zenith angle of the pixel view, observation time, and the geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples.
Known Issues
- For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.
Version Description
Product Summary
Citation
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
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File Naming Convention
The file name begins with the Product Short Name (MOD11_L2) followed by the Julian Date of Acquisition formatted as AYYYYDDD (A2025219), the Hours and Minutes of Acquisition provided as HHMM (2355), the Version of the data collection (006), the Julian Date and Time of Production designated as YYYYDDDHHMMSS (2025220081713), and the Data Format (hdf).
Documents
USER'S GUIDE
ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS DOCUMENT (ATBD)
PRODUCT QUALITY ASSESSMENT
SCIENCE DATA PRODUCT VALIDATION
Publications Citing This Dataset
| Title | Year Sort ascending | Author | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Computed Analysis of Asymmetric Warming and Thermal Stress in Bengaluru | Kumar, R Ashok, Harshitha, D S, Dhanush, S, Praiwal, V | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| urbisphere -Berlin campaign: Investigating multi-scale urban impacts on the atmospheric boundary layer | Fenner, Daniel, Christen, Andreas, Grimmond, Sue, Meier, Fred, Morrison, William, Zeeman, Matthias, Barlow, Janet, Birkmann, Jorn, Blunn, Lewis, Chrysoulakis, Nektarios, Clements, Matthew, Glazer, Russell, Hertwig, Denise, Kotthaus, Simone, Konig, Kai, Looschelders, Dana, Mitraka, Zina, Poursanidis, Dimitris, Tsirantonakis, Dimitris, Bechtel, Benjamin, Benjamin, Kit, Beyrich, Frank, Briegel, Ferdinand, Feigel, Gregor, Gertsen, Carlotta, Iqbal, Nimra, Kittner, Jonas, Lean, Humphrey, Liu, Yiqing, Luo, Zhiwen, McGrory, Megan, Metzger, Swen, Paskin, Matthew, Ravan, Marvin, Ruhtz, Thomas, Saunders, Bethany, Scherer, Dieter, Smith, Stefan Thor, Stretton, Megan, Trachte, Katja, Van Hove, Melania | Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| A novel land surface temperature reconstruction method and its application for downscaling surface soil moisture with machine learning | Gungor Sahin, Onur, Gunduz, Orhan | Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant Phenology, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Reflectance, Brightness Temperature, SIGMA NAUGHT, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Surface Soil Moisture | |
| Analysis of the Relationship between Heatwaves with Vegetation and Soil Moisture | Vijayanand, Vinduja, Dhanya, M | Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Estimation of Land Surface Temperature from Chinese ZY1-02E IRS Data | Dou, Xianhui, Li, Kun, Zhang, Qi, Ma, Chenyang, Tang, Hongzhao, Liu, Xining, Qian, Yonggang, Chen, Jun, Li, Jinglun, Li, Yichao, Wang, Tao, Wang, Feng, Yang, Juntao | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| A New Bottom-of-Atmosphere (BOA) Radiance-Based Hybrid Method for | Zhou, Shugui, Cheng, Jie | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Carbon Monoxide, Tropospheric Ozone, Geopotential Height, Tropopause, Methane, Atmospheric Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Surface Pressure, Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Air Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Total Precipitable Water, Water Vapor Profiles, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Height, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Vertical Distribution, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature | |
| Boundary-dependent urban impacts on timing, pattern, and magnitude of heavy rainfall in Istanbul | Donmez, Kutay, Donmez, Berkay, Diren-Ustun, Deniz H., Unal, Yurdanur | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain | |
| How the Interaction of Heatwaves and Urban Heat Islands Amplify Urban Warming | University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Faculty of sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Canada, Garuma, Gemechu Fanta | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Satellite-Observed Thermal Anomalies and Deformation Patterns Associated to the 2021, Central Crete Seismic Sequence | Peleli, Sofia, Kouli, Maria, Vallianatos, Filippos | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Reconstruction of daily evapotranspiration under cloudy sky constrained by soil water budget balance | Jiang, Yazhen, Tang, Ronglin, Li, Zhao-Liang | Reflectance, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Spatial and temporal inversion of land surface temperature along coastal cities in arid regions | Al-Ruzouq, Rami, Shanableh, Abdallah, Khalil, Mohamad Ali, Zeiada, Waleed, Hamad, Khaled, Abu Dabous, Saleh, Gibril, Mohamed Barakat A., Al-Khayyat, Ghadeer, Kaloush, Kamil E., Al-Mansoori, Saeed, Jena, Ratiranjan | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Urbanization-induced changes in convective and frontal precipitation events in Ankara | Donmez, Berkay, Donmez, Kutay, Diren-Ustun, Deniz H., Unal, Yurdanur | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain | |
| Downscaling land surface temperatureA framework based on geographically and temporally neural network weighted autoregressive model with spatio-temporal fused scaling factors | Wu, Jinhua, Xia, Linyuan, On Chan, Ting, Awange, Joseph, Zhong, Bo | Reflectance, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Determination of global land surface temperature using data from only five selected thermal infrared channels: Method extension and accuracy assessment | Zheng, Xiaopo, Li, Zhao-Liang, Wang, Tianxing, Huang, Huabing, Nerry, Francoise | Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| An operational land surface temperature retrieval methodology for Chinese second-generation Huanjing disaster monitoring satellite data | Zhao, Enyu, Gao, Caixia, Han, Qijin, Yao, Yuying, Wang, Yulei, Yu, Chunyan, Yu, Haoyang | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Land surface temperature from GOES-East and GOES-West | Chen, Wen, Pinker, Rachel T., Ma, Yingtao, Hulley, Glynn, Borbas, Eva, Islam, Tanvir, Cawse-Nicholson, Kerry-A., Hook, Simon, Hain, Chris, Basara, Jeff | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field scale using the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 dataset, with sharpened VIIRS as a Sentinel-2 thermal proxy | Xue, Jie, Anderson, Martha C., Gao, Feng, Hain, Christopher, Yang, Yun, Knipper, Kyle R., Kustas, William P., Yang, Yang | Evapotranspiration, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Reflectance, Albedo, Anisotropy, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) | |
| Phenological corrections to a field-scale, ET-based crop stress indicator: An application to yield forecasting across the US Corn Belt | Yang, Yang, Anderson, Martha C., Gao, Feng, Johnson, David M., Yang, Yun, Sun, Liang, Dulaney, Wayne, Hain, Christopher R., Otkin, Jason A., Prueger, John, Meyers, Tilden P., Bernacchi, Carl J., Moore, Caitlin E. | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar) | |
| Monitoring temporal variations in the geothermal activity of Miocene Lesvos volcanic field using remote sensing techniques and MODIS LST imagery | Peleli, Sophia, Kouli, Maria, Marchese, Francesco, Lacava, Teodosio, Vallianatos, Filippos, Tramutoli, Valerio | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| The role of declining snow cover in the desiccation of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, using MODIS data | Hall, Dorothy K., O'Leary, Donal S., DiGirolamo, Nicolo E., Miller, Woodruff, Kang, Do Hyuk | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Albedo, Anisotropy | |
| Seamless downscaling of the ESA CCI soil moisture data at the daily scale with MODIS land products | Zhao, Wei, Wen, Fengping, Wang, Qunming, Sanchez, Nilda, Piles, Maria | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) | |
| Urban heat island formation in greater Cairo: Spatio-temporal analysis of daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures along the urban-rural gradient | Athukorala, Darshana, Murayama, Yuji | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Validation of non-linear split window algorithm for land surface temperature estimation using Sentinel-3 satellite imagery: Case study; Tehran Province, Iran | Zarei, Arastou, Shah-Hosseini, Reza, Ranjbar, Sadegh, Hasanlou, Mahdi | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Validation of AVHRR Land Surface Temperature with MODIS and In Situ | Reiners, Philipp, Asam, Sarah, Frey, Corinne, Holzwarth, Stefanie, Bachmann, Martin, Sobrino, Jose, Gottsche, Frank-M., Bendix, Jorg, Kuenzer, Claudia | Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity | |
| Toward operational validation systems for global satellite-based terrestrial essential climate variables | Bayat, Bagher, Camacho, Fernando, Nickeson, Jaime, Cosh, Michael, Bolten, John, Vereecken, Harry, Montzka, Carsten | Brightness Temperature, Microwave Imagery, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Vegetation Water Content, Evapotranspiration, Latent Heat Flux, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Photosynthesis, Primary Production, Emissivity, Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Albedo, Anisotropy, Reflectance, Sea Surface Temperature |
Variables
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
| Name Sort descending | Description | Units | Data Type | Fill Value | Valid Range | Scale Factor | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emis_31 | Band 31 Emissivity | N/A | uint8 | 0 | 1 to 255 | 0.002 | 0.49 |
| Emis_32 | Band 32 Emissivity | N/A | uint8 | 0 | 1 to 255 | 0.002 | 0.49 |
| Error_LST | Land Surface Temperature Error | Kelvin | uint8 | 0 | 1 to 255 | 0.04 | N/A |
| Latitude | Latitude of every 5 scan lines and 5 pixels | Degree | float32 | -999 | -90 to 90 | N/A | N/A |
| Longitude | Longitude of every 5 scan lines and 5 pixels | Degree | float32 | -999 | -180 to 180 | N/A | N/A |
| LST | Land Surface Temperature | Kelvin | uint16 | 0 | 7500 to 65535 | 0.02 | N/A |
| QC | Quality control for daytime LST and emissivity | Bit Field | uint16 | N/A | 0 to 65535 | N/A | N/A |
| View_angle | Zenith angle of MODIS viewing at the pixel | Degree | uint8 | 255 | 0 to 180 | 0.5 | N/A |
| View_time | Local time of pixel observation | Hours | uint8 | 255 | 0 to 240 | 0.1 | N/A |