Studying the distribution of snow is vital for understanding many of Earth’s processes, including the water cycle, cryospheric systems, and climate. Snow cover plays a big role in researching those processes. For example, snow cover reflects warm solar heat back into space, helping to regulate the planet's temperature. Shrinking snowpack reduces its ability to cool Earth.

Snowpack runoff provides a source of water for many communities around the world, contributing to drinking water and crop production. Many animals and plants also rely on snow for their seasonal survival mechanisms. Too much snowpack runoff can cause flooding, while too little can cause dry soil that may lead to droughts and wildfires.

Instruments aboard NASA’s Earth-observing satellites collect snow cover data in several different filter bands, providing a comprehensive global picture of snow distribution. These data are useful for studies including water management, agriculture, and ecosystems.