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Description

GOES-19 is the final GOES-R Series satellite, representing the last of the third generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). Known originally as GOES-U when it launched on 25 June 2024, once it reached geostationary orbit its name changed to GOES-19. NOAA is responsible for all GOES-R products, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI offers vastly enhanced capabilities for SST retrievals, over the heritage GOES-I/P Imager, including five narrow bands (centered at 3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um) out of 16 that can be used for SST, as well as accurate sensor calibration, image navigation and co-registration, spectral fidelity, and sophisticated pre-processing (geo-rectification, radiance equalization, and mapping). From altitude 35,800 km, G16/ABI can accurately map SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 15-135-deg W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir (degrading to 15km at view zenith angle, 67-deg) and temporal sampling of 10min (15min prior to 2 Apr 2019).
The Level 2 Preprocessed (L2P) SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system. ACSPO first processes every 10min FD data SSTs are derived from BTs using the ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; Petrenko et al., 2010) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014). Currently, only 4 longwave bands centered at 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um are used (the 3.9 microns was initially excluded, to minimize possible discontinuities in the diurnal cycle). The regression is tuned against quality controlled in situ SSTs from drifting and tropical mooring buoys in the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014). The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr L2P product, with improved coverage, and reduced cloud leakages and image noise, compared to each individual 10min image.
In the collated L2P, SSTs and BTs are only reported in clear-sky water pixels (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland) and fill values elsewhere. The L2P is reported in netCDF4 GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) format, 24 granules per day, with a total data volume of 0.6GB/day. In addition to SST, ACSPO files also include sun-sensor geometry, four BTs in ABI bands 11 (8.4um), 13 (10.3um), 14 (11.2um), and 15 (12.3um) and two reflectances in bands 2 and 3 (0.64um and 0.86um; used for cloud identification). The l2p_flags layer includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags. Other variables include NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0).
Pixel-level earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. To obtain those, user has a choice of using a flat lat-lon file, or a Python script, both available at ftp://ftp.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/socd4/coastwatch/sst/nrt/abi/nav/. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel.
The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) using the Satellite Quality Monitor SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010), and BTs are validated against RTM simulation in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (0.2GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3C product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G16-STAR-L3C-v2.70, where gridded L2P SSTs are reported, and BT layers omitted.

Product Summary

Platforms
GOES-19
Spatial Extent

N: 59 S: -59 E: -15 W: -135

Spatial Resolution
2000 Meters x 2000 Meters
Location
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
2026-01-03
Data Partner
Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA (NASA/JPL/PODAAC) ,
Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR)
Concept ID
C4155442462-POCLOUD
Data State
ACTIVE
Number of Files/Granules
351
Processing Level
2P
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Sea Surface Temperature

Documents

Variables

The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.

For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor Offset
dt_analysis Deviation from reference SST, i.e., dt_analysis = SST - reference SST kelvin short -32768 -32767 to 32767 0.01 N/A
geostationary geostationary projection N/A int N/A N/A 1 N/A
l2p_flags L2P common flags in bits 1-5 and data provider flags (from ACSPO mask) in bits 8-16. For backwards compatibility with legacy reader software, the data provider flags (last 8 bits) contain redundant land and ice information that is also available in bits 2 and 3, respectively. Note that lake and river information is not included in this dataset (bits 4 and 5 are always set to zero). Description of individual bits: bit01 (0=IR: 1=microwave); bit02 (0=not_land; 1=land (from land-sea mask)); bit03 (0=not_ice; 1=ice (from first-guess L4 SST)); bit04 (0=not_lake; 1=lake); bit05 (0=not_river; 1=river); bits06-07 (reserved,set to 0); bit08 (0=anti-solar; 1=solar); bit09 (0=valid_radiance; 1=invalid_radiance) bit10 (0=nighttime; 1=daytime); bit11 (0=not_land; 1=land (identical to bit02)); bit12 (0=good quality data; 1=twilight_degradation (degraded quality data due to "twilight" region)); bit13 (0=not_sunglint; 1=sunglint); bit14 (0=not_ice; 1=ice (identical to bit03)); bit15 (0=sst; 1=SST_not_valid_or_degraded); bit16 (0=water (ocean, lake, river); 1=not_water (land, ice, invalid)) N/A short N/A -32768 to 32767 1 N/A
ni x coordinate of projection radians float N/A -0.15184397995472 to 0.15184400975704 1 N/A
nj y coordinate of projection radians float N/A -0.15184400975704 to 0.15184397995472 1 N/A
quality_level SST quality levels: 5 corresponds to "clear-sky" pixels and is recommended for operational applications and validation. N/A byte -128 0 to 5 1 N/A
satellite_zenith_angle The satellite zenith angle at the time of the SST observations. angular_degree short -32768 0 to 7000 0.01 N/A
sea_surface_temperature SST obtained by regression with buoy measurements without adjustment for cold-skin bias. Sensitive to skin SST. kelvin short -32768 -200 to 10000 0.01 273.15
sses_bias Subtracting sses_bias from sea_surface_temperature producess more accurate SST at the depth of buoys kelvin byte -128 -127 to 127 0.016 N/A
sses_standard_deviation Standard deviation of sea_surface_temperature from SST measured by drifting buoys kelvin byte -128 -100 to 127 0.01 1
sst_dtime time plus sst_dtime gives seconds since 1981-01-01 00:00:00 UTC seconds short -32768 -32767 to 32767 1 N/A
sst_front_position Binary indicator of SST front position in the valid SST clear-sky domain: 1 - SST front present, 0 - no front present N/A byte -128 0 to 1 1 N/A
sst_gradient_magnitude SST gradient magnitude is provided in pixels with SST front present (sst_front_position=1). Contains fill values elswhere. kelvin/km short -32768 -32767 to 32767 0.001 N/A
time Seconds since 1981-01-01 00:00:00 seconds since 1981-01-01 00:00:00 int N/A N/A 1 N/A
wind_speed Wind speeds represent winds at 10 metres above the sea surface. Wind values are bilinearly interplated in space and linearly interpolated in time using the closest available past and present analysis times. m s-1 byte -128 -127 to 127 0.2 25.4
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